Important note for readers: while many of the scientific discoveries and clinical developments listed in this section are extremely exciting, they are stepping stones in the studies of Diindolylmethane (DIM) and some of the other key natural ingredients in the Berkeley Immune Support Formula. The exploration of clinical applications for Diindolylmethane is an emerging science. Only the US FDA has the authority to recognize a compound as a drug or therapeutic for a particular condition in the US and that only occurs after the compound has been thoroughly studied and its efficacy established in four consecutive human clinical trials. At this point in time, Diindolylmethane and the other natural nutrients in the Berkeley Immune Support Formula are regarded as dietary supplements and not therapeutics for any specific condition by the US FDA. The Berkeley Immune Support Formula is a nutritional supplement. Statements on this website have not been evaluated by the US Food and Drug Administration. The Berkeley Immune Support Formula is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Campaign for Immune Health Awareness – Rebate Offer to Customers for Community Educational Outreach. 9-1-22. A $20 rebate will be provided to any US resident adult who helps to raise community awareness about how Vitamin D deficiency and obesity impact immune system health through educational postings on their social media platforms. Chronic immune deficiency within the US stemming from chronic Vitamin D deficiency and the US obesity epidemic is an issue that must be confronted through strong public health leadership and we believe that now is the time for greater public health awareness on this important matter. For more information about this campaign and how to receive a $20 rebate on your purchase, please click here.

Campaign for Immune Health Awareness – Scholarships for Students for Community Educational Outreach. 9-1-22. The Berkeley Immune Support Formula announces scholarships for high school and college students to help raise community awareness about how Vitamin D deficiency and obesity impact immune health. For more information about this scholarship program, please click here.

Biomedical scientists publish their findings regarding how Diindolylmethane (DIM) promotes skin health. Microbiol Spectr. 2022 Feb 23;10 Kim YG, Lee JH, Park S, Lee J. School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.

In a groundbreaking discovery, scientists at Georgetown University discover how immune modulation potentiated by Diindolylmethane (DIM) promotes cellular health. Advances in Radiation Oncology 2021 6,100601. Li L, Chen R, Lin YT, Humayun A, Fornace AJ Jr, Li HH. Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Georgetown College, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC.

Scientists in China publish their findings regarding how Diindolylmethane (DIM) promotes skin health. J Med Food. 2020 Dec;23(12):1248-1258. Wang X, Zhao Y, Yu M, Xu Y. Department of Plastic Surgery and Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. Department of Otolaryngology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

Israeli biomedical investigators publish their findings regarding how Diindolylmethane (DIM) promotes breast health. Carcinogenesis. 2020 Oct 15;41(10):1395-1401. Yerushalmi R, Bargil S, Ber Y, Ozlavo R, Sivan T, Rapson Y, Pomerantz A, Tsoref D, Sharon E, Caspi O, Grubsrein A, Margel D. Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel. Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Division of Urology, Petach Tikva, Israel. Imaging Department, Petach Tikva, Israel. Division of Surgery, Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Campus, Petach Tikva, Israel.

Korean medical investigators publish their findings on how Diindolylmethane (DIM) promotes neuronal health. Antioxidants. 2019 Dec 18;9(1):3. Lee BD, Yoo JM, Baek SY, Li FY, Sok DE, Kim MR. Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea. Korean Medicine-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Korea. Korean Medicine R&D Team 1, National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, Gyeongsan 38540, Korea. College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.

Scientists discover that Diindolylmethane (DIM) promotes metabolic health. Molecules. 2019 Dec 6;24(24):4474. Choi KM, Yoo HS. College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea.

Biomedical investigators in China publish their findings regarding how Diindolylmethane (DIM) promotes cellular cardiovascular health. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2018 Nov 9;19(1):71. Luo Q, Yang A, Cao Q, Guan H. Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People’s Republic of China.

Scientists at the US Department of Agriculture publish their findings regarding T-Cell activation enabled by Diindolylmethane (DIM). International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2017 Jul 1;18(7). Liu M., Yasmeen R, Fukagawa NK, Yu L, Kim YS, Wang TTY. Nutritional Sciences Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892. Diet, Genomics and Immunology Lab, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.

Scientists publish their findings regarding how Diindolylmethane (DIM) promotes gastrointestinal health. J Agric Food Chem. 2016 Oct 4. Jeon EJ, Davaatseren M, Hwang JT, Park JH, Hur HJ, Lee AS, Sung MJ. Research Division Emerging Innovative Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Songnam, Keongki, Republic of Korea.

Successful phase II human clinical study of Diindolylmethane in the promotion of cervical health is published by biomedical scientists. EPMA J. 2015 Dec 21;6:25. Ashrafian L, Sukhikh G, Kiselev V, Paltsev M, Drukh V, Kuznetsov I, Muyzhnek E, Apolikhina I, Andrianova E. Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 86, Profsouznaya Str., Moscow, 117837 Russia.

Scientists publish a seminal paper regarding the molecular biology of Diindolylmethane in the promotion of colon health. Int J Oncol. 2015 Sep;47(3):918-26. Leem SH, Li XJ, Park MH, Kim SM. 2015 Sep;47(3):918-26. Epub 2015, July 17. Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-180, Republic of Korea.

Biomedical investigators publish a review of the health promoting effects of citrus bioflavonoids. Journal of Life Sciences, July 17, 2015. Iranshahi M, Rezaee R, Parhiz H, Roohbakhsh A, Soltani F. Biotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

Scientists at Harvard publish a comprehensive study regarding the health promoting effects of dietary flavonoid intake for aging women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2014, Dec: 1489-97. Samieri C, Sun Q, Townsend MK, Rimm EB, Grodstein F. The Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

US Department of Agriculture scientists elucidate how Diindolylmethane promotes prostate health. Cancer Prev Res. 2013 Jun;6(6):519-29. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-12-0419. Kim EK, Kim YS, Milner JA, Wang TT. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Building 307C, Room 132, BARC-EAST, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705

Scientists in Germany discover that Diindolylmethane (DIM) potentiates molecular pathways that slow down the aging process and promote life extension. Aging Cell. 2013 Mar 23. doi: 10.1111/acel.12077. Stephan J, Franke J, Ehrenhofer-Murray AE. Zentrum für Medizinische Biotechnologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.

Scientists at the Karamos Cancer Institute discover that naturally occurring Diindolylmethane (DIM) promotes cellular breast health. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e54657. Epub 2013 Jan 22. Ahmad A, Ali S, Ahmed A, Ali AS, Raz A, Sakr WA, Rahman KW. Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America.

Scientists demonstrate that Diindolylmethane (DIM) promotes cervical health. Oncol Rep. 2012 Sep;28(3):1063-8. doi: 10.3892/or.2012.1877. Zhu J, Li Y, Guan C, Chen Z. Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuchang, Wuhan 430060, PR China.

Biomedical investigators elucidate that Diindolylmethane (DIM) promotes cellular health at the stem cell level.  Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012 Jul 20;424(1):45-51. Semov A, Iourtchenco L, Lin Fang L, Shengmin L, Xu Y, Su X, Muyjnek E, Kiselev V, Alakhov V. Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Scientists discover the link between Diindolylmethane (DIM) intake, immune modulation and cervical health. In Vivo 2012 Mar-Apr;26(2):207-11. Sepkovic DW, Raucci L, Stein J, Carlisle AD, Auborn K, Ksieski HB, Nyirenda T, Bradlow HL. The David and Alice Jurist Institute for Research, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, 07601, USA.

Human clinical study of Diindolylmethane (DIM) demonstrates efficacy in the promotion of prostate health. Am J Transl Res. 2010 Jul 23;2(4):402-11.  Heath EI, Heilbrun LK, Li J, Vaishampayan U, Harper F, Pemberton P, Sarkar FH. Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University Detroit, MI, USA

In a landmark study at UC Berkeley, Diindolylmethane (DIM) is shown to promote cellular prostate health. Biochemical Pharmacology. 2009 Sep 1;78(5):469-76. Epub 2009 May 9. Vivar OI, Lin CL, Firestone GL, Bjeldanes LF. Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720-3104, USA. 

Scientists at the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute publish their findings regarding Diindolylmethane (DIM) and its potential as a dietary supplement. Cancer Treatment Review. 2009 Aug 4. Sarkar FH, Li Y. Department of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. 

In a breakthrough preclinical study, biomedical investigators at the Genomics Institute of Novartis Research Foundation elucidate a novel biological property of Diindolylmethane (DIM) and its relevance to cardiovascular health. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2009 May 1;284(18):12328-38. Epub 2009 Mar 13. Yin H, Chu A, Li W, Wang B, Shelton F, Otero F, Nguyen DG, Caldwell JS, Chen YA. Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, USA.

Scientists publish an important paper on Diindolylmethane’s promotion of cervical health. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 Nov;18(11):2957-64. Sepkovic DW, Stein J, Carlisle AD, Ksieski HB, Auborn K, Bradlow HL. The David and Alice Jurist Institute for Research, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey 07601, USA.

UC Berkeley Study – Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a potent activator of the immune response system. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 8-20-07. Xue L, Pestka J, Maoxiang L, Firestone GL, Bjeldanes LF. Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720-3104, USA.

UC Berkeley Study – Diindolylmethane (DIM) activates and potentiates interferon-gamma signaling in human cells. Molecular Pharmacology. 2006 Feb;69(2):430-9. Riby JE, Xue L, Chatterji U, Bjeldanes EL, Firestone GL, Bjeldanes LF. Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720-3104, USA. 

UC Berkeley Study – Diindolylmethane (DIM) stimulates Interferon-Gamma gene expression in human cells. Oncogene. 2005 Mar 31;24(14):2343-53. Xue L, Firestone GL, Bjeldanes LF. Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3104, USA.

UC Berkeley Study – Consumption of a DIM supplement in humans increases 2-hydroxylation of estrogen metabolites. Journal of Nutrition and Cancer. 2004;50(2):161-7. Dalessandri KM, Firestone GL, Fitch MD, Bradlow HL, Bjeldanes LF Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720-3200, USA.

Biomedical researchers in Europe and the United States, after studying over 10,000 women, confirm that 2-hydroxylation of estrogen metabolites promotes breast health. Epidemiology, 2000, vol. 11, no6, pp. 635-640 Muti P, Bradlow HL, Micheli A, Krogh V,  Freudenheim JL,  Schunemann HJ, Stanulla M, Jun Y,  Sepkovic DW, Trevisan M, Berrino F. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA, Epidemiology Division of the National Cancer Intitute (Istituto Nazionale Tumori), Milan, Italy, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany.

Biomedical study shows that Diindolylmethane (DIM) promotes breast health. Journal of Surgical Research, 2006 May 15;132(2):208-13. K. McGuire, N. Ngoubilly, M. Neavyn, S. Lanza-Jacoby Department of Surgery, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107

Biomedical scientists find that cruciferous vegetable intake reduces the risk of late-stage prostate cancer by up to 52%. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2007 Aug 1;99(15);1200-9. Krish VA, Peters U, Mayne ST, Subar AF, Chatterjee N, Johnson CC, Hayes RB. Click here for the BBC Report covering this publication.

A study at UC Berkeley demonstrates that Diindolylmethane (DIM) promotes cellular breast health. Hong C, Kim HA, Firestone GL, Bjeldanes LF. Carcinogenesis. 2002 Aug;23(8):1297-305. Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Broccoli sprouts found to boost the body’s ability to eliminate toxins in human study by investigators at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention. 2005 Nov. 14 :2605-13. Talalay P, Fahey JW. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Room E7541, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA

US medical researchers publish findings linking Vitamin D3 intakes with clinical health benefits beyond healthy bones.  American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2007 Jun:85(6): 1586-91. Lappe JM, Travers-Gustafson D, Davies KM, Recker RR, Heaney RP. Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68131, USA.

Molecular biologists publish findings that Vitamin D3 boosts the immune system by promoting the production of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides. FASEB J. 2005 Jul;19(9):1067-77. Gombart AF, Borregaard N, Koeffler HP. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA

Scientists discover that selenium promotes cellular health. Christensen MJ, Nartey ET, Hada AL, Legg RL, Barzee BR, Journal of Nutrition and Cancer, 2007;58(2):197-204. Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.

United States Department of Agriculture scientists publish an important review of selenium as a nutrient. Zeng H, Combs GF Jr., 2007 Jun 22, Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, P.O. Box 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA.

Researchers at Johns Hopkins determine that selenium and carotenoids promote longevity in women. Journal of Nutrition. 2006 Jan;136(1):172-6. Ray AL, Semba RD, Walston J., Ferrucci L, Cappola AR, Ricks MO, Xue QL, Fried LP. The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Researchers at the German Institute of Human Nutrition publish their findings regarding the health promoting properties of cruciferous vegetable and selenium intake. Free Radical Research. 2006 Aug;40(8):775-87. Brigelius-Flohe R., Banning A. German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114 – 116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany.

A landmark preclinical nutrition study shows that a combined diet of broccoli and tomatoes has significant health promoting effects on prostate cells. Canene-Adams K, Lindshield B, Wang S, Jeffery E, Clinton S, Erdman J., Cancer Research 2007; 67: (2). January 15, 2007

Groundbreaking clinical trial demonstrates that selenium supplementation can help support the immune system. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2007 Jan 22;167(2):148-54. Hurwitz BE, Klaus JR, Lllabre MM, Gonzalez A, Lawrence PJ, Maher KJ, Greenson JM, Baum MK, Shor-Posner G, Skyler JS, Schneiderman N.

British biomedical researchers report that supplementation with the carotenoids Lutein or Zeaxanthin improves human visual performance. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics. Kvansakul J, Rodriguez-Carmona M., Edgar DF, Barker FM, Kapcke W., Schalch W., Barbur JL. Applied Vision Research Centre, Department of Optometry and Visual Science, City University, London, UK.

Canadian biomedical researchers announce epidemiological evidence linking increased Lycopene intake to the reduction of oxidative stress. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research 2006;51:99-164. Rao AV, Ray MR, Rao LG, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Researchers in the UK demonstrate that selenium and sulforaphane synergize in their antioxidative activity. Carcinogenesis, 2003 Mar;24(3):497-503. Nutrition Division, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK. Zhang J, Svehikova V., Bao Y, Howie AF, Beckett GJ, Williamson G. Click here for the BBC Report covering this publication.

Scientists at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine publish an important study regarding sulforaphane and its promotion of gastrointestinal health. 2002 May 28;99(11):7610-5. Proclamation of the National Academy of Sciences. Fahey JW, Haristoy X, Dolan PM, Kensler TW, Sholtus I, Stephenson KK, Talalay P, Lozniewski A. Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Cancer Chemoprotection Center, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185, USA.

Dr. Leonard Bjeldanes and Dr. Gary Firestone of UC Berkeley publish an important study elucidating the molecular biology of Diindolylmethane (DIM). 2001 Nov;22(11):1809-17. Leong H, Firestone, GL, Bjeldanes LF. Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Seminal epidemiology study conducted by researchers at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary establishes a direct link between higher intakes of Lutein and Zeaxanthin and vision health. Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group. Journal of the American Medical Association.1994 Nov 9;272(18):1413-20. Seddon JM, Ajani UA, Sperduto RD, Hiller R, Blair N, Burton TC, Farber MD, Gragoudas ES, Haller J., Miller DT. Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston 02114.

Scientists at the University of California, San Diego publish findings regarding selenium’s immune enhancing properties. Chemical and Biological Interactions. 1994 Jun;91(2-3):199-205. Schrauzer GN, Sacher J. University of California, San Diego, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, La Jolla 92093